I've shot some more from that batch of reloads with no problems. I pay attention to the recoil and the sound if it does not feel or sound right I'm checking before the next shot. At least that time the round did not clear the cylinder so another round could not be fired.
I do this even with factory loads. Having a .44 magnum blow up in my face because of a bad factory (double-charged) load tends to make me watchful for the next one to happen - regardless of the ammunition being fired. I have fired one "squib" load and, luckily, it was a .22 LR. I did not realize it at the time and fired a second shot. The second shot punched the previous bullet from the barrel along with the newly fired bullet. The gun was a Ruger Charger and it was not damaged because, well, it is a Ruger. I may not have been so lucky if the gun had been a larger caliber - regardless of the gun's manufacturer.
You were lucky that the round froze the cylinder. One stuck in the barrel would have caused a different outcome.